/* This is the program that takes ``dotted decimals'' (characters) and 
 * produces ``decimals'' (unsigned ints).
 * Use this as example to do the remainder of the programming excercise. 
 */
/* This program uses the fact that the numerical value of '.' is 46, 
 * of '0' is 48, of '1' is 49, etc, of '9' is 57. 
 * See a table of Internal representations of ASCII characters.
 */
/* Students: Make sure to understand how this program works. 
 * Then use it as example for your programs. 
 */
 
#include <iostream.h>

int main()
{
  char dotteddec[20]; /* 16 should be enough! figure out why. */
  char bits[33]; /* why 33, not 32 ? */
                 /* This array is not used in this example program. */
  unsigned int decs[4] = {0,0,0,0}; /* the 4 ``decimals'' */
  unsigned int a, b ;
  int i, k, n;
  i = 0;
  while (i < 20)
    {
      dotteddec[i] = '\0'; /* Not necessary, but. */
      i++;
    }
  i=0;
  while (i < 33)
    {
      bits[i] = '\0'; /* Not necessary, but. */
      i++;
    }
  cin >> dotteddec ; /* reading the dotted decimals. Includes 3 dots (!) */ 

  i = 0;
  k = 0;
  while (dotteddec[i] != '\0')
    {
      a = (int) dotteddec[i]; /* cast as int (!) */
      /* A CAST is used when an entity of one type is expressed in an entity
         of another type.
      */
      if (a == 46)  /* if (dotteddec[i] == '.') */ 
	{
	  /* cout << " k = " << k << endl; */
	  k++;
	}
      else 
	{
	  a = a - 48;
	  decs[3-k] = 10*decs[3-k] + a ;
          /* cout << decs[3-k] << endl; */
	}
      i++;
    }
  cout << "Number of characters in the dotted decimal is " << i << endl ;
  cout << "Decimals, starting at least significant:" << endl ;
  i = 0;
  while (i < 4)
    {
      cout << decs[i] << "  " ; 
      /* print the numeric values in ``least significant first'' order. */
      i++;
    }
  cout << "." << endl ;
}